A vast amount of research is currently focused on perfecting each of these areas. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for photovoltaics 4 ruption of the translational symmetry when the microstructured reflectors were introduced. There are three main types of concentrating solar thermal power systems. In the concentrating type of solar collector, solar energy is collected and concentrated so that higher temperatures can be obtained. The materials are easily obtainable and the design is simple and straight forward the concentrators can be made with readily available materials and simple tools. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators. A distinct property that it has is that it can focus all the parallel rays from the sun to a single focus point, f as shown in figure 2. Concentration of radiation aims at increasing the energy density e of the radiant energy, in order to allow a better use of it. Solar thermal optical materials, heliostats, concentrator costs 1. Various kinds of concentrating solar collector structures. The thermal performance of solar concentrator is determined by their thermal efficiency.
Optical ray trace data are presented for one type, the whirling membrane paraboloid. Some solar concentrators comprise suntracking systems andor thermal storage techniques based on the application and the configuration considered. Types of tracking systems tracking systems are classified by the mode of their motion. It was concluded that structured reflectors are used at their largest benefit if they are applied in new concentrators. After presenting these types of csp systems, an example of a new type of design is explained that presents a combination of several other solar concentrators. Solar concentrators put one of these lenses on top of every solar cell. Our solar concentrating system scs involves a novel system of concentrating optics, which makes use of two stages of concentration both primary and secondary concentrators. Sbsp systems consists essentially of five functional units. In order to help provide a rational basis for deciding which concentrator type is best suited for a particular application, we have compared a variety of solar. Solar thermal power plants may also be hybrid systems that use other fuels usually natural gas to supplement energy from the sun during periods of low solar radiation. They function on the idea of focusing a bundle of sunlight on a small area with the assistance of a mirror or optical equipment.
This solar concentrating system is very low cost, since most of the material composing. This report explores the current status of the cpv market, industry, research, and technology. Solar collectors aee institute for sustainable technologies aee intec a8200 gleisdorf, feldgasse 19. The use of solar energy requires optimizing each part of a photovoltaic system. It is conven ient to consider each component separately. We can define three axes for a moving surface which represents a receiver. These different technologies both tap the suns energy, locally and in largescale solar farms. Solar concentrators could b ring down the total c ost of the solar cell, thus making t he solar technology cheaper and affordable, but at the same time does not compromise the overall performance. The system is aimed at simple roofmounted situations, where the construction of full twoaxis type solar trackers would be inappropriate and expensive.
Concentrator costs are a major portion of the total costs of a solar. A standard solar concentrator is made up of one or multiple collection mirrors, absorption receiver, supporting structure, heat exchanger, heat transfer fluid, pumps and piping work. This is ideal in space, where the sun is a single light source. Csp technologies can be used to generate electricity by converting energy from sunlight to power a turbine, but it can also be used as heat in a variety of industrial applications, like water desalination, enhanced oil. Three types of expandable solar concentrators are currently being investigated. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv also known as concentration photovoltaics is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight. Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiverabsorber area of the collector. Ray tracing software, digital close range photogrammetry and the montecarlo raytracing method have proven to be precise and efficient measurement techniques for the assessment of the shape accuracies of solar concentrators and their components. The cookit of solar cookers international is the most widely used solar cooker so far.
The solar energy technologies office seto supports research and development of concentrating solar thermal power csp technologies that reduce the cost of solar energy. The surface can be rotated around each axis tilted to achieve an appropriate angle with respect to the incident solar beam. Photovoltaics havegrown ata phenomenal rate ofover 40% peryearforthelastdecade,butmuchofthisgrowthhasbeen sustained by hefty government subsidies. Concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology has entered the market as a utilityscale option for the generation of solar electricity with 370 mwp in cumulative installations, including several sites with more 30 mwp. Concentrating solar collectors use mirrors and lenses to con. This thesis presents advances in the design of solar concentrators.
A flatplate solar collector represents the simplest type, composed of a rectangular box with a glass cover and a heatabsorbent bottom layer. Concentrators work best when there is a single source of light and the concentrator can be pointed right at it. Based on the study of the compact linear fresnel re ector concentrator etenduematched clfrem, this thesis developed optical solutions based on the simultaneous multiple surface method sms and new approaches of analysis of the characterizing parameters of a solar. This can be either a heat absorber to harvest thermal energy or a photovoltaic cell to convert light to electric energy. Classification of evacuated solar collectors in fig.
In general, a solar concentrator can be considered to be composed of three components. Types of systems unlike solar photovoltaic cells, which use light to produce electricity, concentrating solar power systems generate electricity with heat. The cost per unit area of a solar concentrator is therefore much cheaper than the cost per unit area of a pv material. Comparison of solar concentrators ari rabl solar energy group, argonne national laboratory, argonne, il 60439, u. Home closeup solar, an energy of the future the two types of solar energy. Explore concentrating collectors with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Solar concentrators rensselaer polytechnic institute. Solar concentrators, parabolic reflectors, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaicthermal.
An attempt has been made to classify different types of concentrators and its working by various researchers all over the world. In addition, cpv systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further. Luminescent solar concentrators for buildingintegrated. The paper also aims to show that implementing different types of reflectors in solar energy. Csp systems use very different technology than photovoltaic pv systems.
Solar concentrators utilize optical devices which absorb a large area of sunlight. To avoid shadowing, solar collectors can not cover all surface. Solar concentrators an overview sciencedirect topics. Concentrating solar power csp is the power generated in solar power systems that use solar concentrators to convert solar energy into heat and then the produced heat is converted into power. The concept of spacebased solar power sbsp systems has been in research since the early 1970s 1, 2. They are simple and relatively inexpensive to buy or to produce.
The fresnel lens is named after the designer french physicist augustinjean fresnel. Low concentrating evacuated flat collector, zae bayern 0. Advanced reflector materials for solar concentrators. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for. Photovoltaic technology directly converts sunlight into electricity. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat solar thermal energy, which drives a heat engine usually a steam turbine connected to an electrical power. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses or curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, highly efficient, multijunction mj solar cells. Medium temperature concentrators for solar thermal. Solar concentrators solar concentrator is a device that allows the collection of sunlight from large area and focusing it on a smaller receiver. Unesco eolss sample chapter solar energy conversion and photoenergy systems high temperature solar concentrators robert pitz paal surface area.
Concentrating solar power plants also create two and a half times as many skilled jobs as traditional plants. Heliostat field collector hfc point 1001500 1502000 twoaxes parabolic dish reflector pdr point 100 100500 tracking. It is widely used as a reflecting solar concentrator. Solar cooker international, panel cookers incorporate elements of box and curved concentrator cookers. Solar fire provides detailed plans and howto instructions for building three different sizes of concentrating solar collectors. Expected optical performance of novel type multielement. Hi friends, in this article, i am going to discuss about types of concentrating solar collectors and hope you will find it useful. Types of concentrating solar collectors your electrical.
Concentrating solar power an overview sciencedirect topics. This front of lens is not smooth but has a rough surface sections angled differently to increase concentration while bringing weight and thickness to a minimum. Absorber design for a schefflertype solar concentrator. The expected optical performance of rac exceeding that of dishparabolic mirrors and simultaneously improving the operation performances and manufacture allowance prompt for considering the design as an ultimate improvement of reflective solar optics. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective. Also explore the seminar topics paper on concentrating collectors with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year electronics and telecommunication engineering or ece students for the year 2015 2016. After presenting these types of csp systems, an example of a new type of design is explained. However, construction materials impose a lower, more practical limit for temperature capability. G is the global incident solar radiation on the collector. In a thermal conversion system a working fluid is used to extract energy from the absorber. Sunlight passes through the glass, warming the interior, and a series of pipes or ducts allows water or air to flow through the unit and absorb the ambient heat. Concentrating collectors seminar report, ppt, pdf for. The optical efficiency of most solar concentrators lies between 0.
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